The outcomes of mini-laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children - brazilian experience

ABSTRACT Objetive Pelvicureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is the main cause of hydronephrosis in childhood. Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard treatment of this condition with success rate above 90%. The role of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) in children is less well defined and has slowly emerged as an alternative procedure. We report outcomes of our initial experience with LP in 38 children from 2 months of age. Materials and Methods From June 2015 to December 2017 38 children aged 2-60 months (mean age 1.7 years) underwent LP for correction of PUJ obstruction. The mean pre operative anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis (APD) was 43,5mm and all patients had hydronephrosis (APD 21.4-76 mm) and obstructed curve on diuretic renogram. Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty was the performed technique. Results are reported. Results Mean operative time was 107 minutes (70-180) with no conversion to open procedure. Pain control was needed mainly in the first 12hs. Mean hospitalization was 2 days (1-5). There were complications in 5 children not affecting the final outcome. Two patients had a re-obstruction requiring a second procedure with good result. The mean follow up was 18 months (13-36). The mean reduction on the postoperative APD was 41% - p<0,001 (end APD 5 to 41mm). Overall success rate was 94,7%. All children had good cosmetic results. Conclusions This is a small series limited by short follow up, however its data suggest that LP has good functional and cosmetic results, not compromising the success of the open procedure, regardless patient age.

Comparison of the outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with and without concomitant pyelolithotomy

ABSTRACT Objective We aimed to evaluate the results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy and compare results with a cohort of patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty without pyelolithotomy. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of 43 patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty between December 2012 and July 2018 at our department. Eighteen patients (42%) underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy. The results of patients with renal stones were compared with 25 matched patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty without concomitant renal stones. Demographic data, operative and stone parameters were compared between the groups. Results The groups were similar regarding to demographic characteristics. All operations were completed laparoscopically with no conversions to open surgery. In 3 cases without renal stones and 15 cases with renal stones, transposition of the ureter due to crossing vessels was performed. The mean stone size was 13±5.24 mm, and the median number of stones was 1 (1-18). The success of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with and without pyelolithotomy was 93.3% and 92.9%, respectively, as confirmed by negative diuretic renogram at postoperative 3rd months. Overall stone-free rate after laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was 93.3%. Mean operative time was 222.6765.71 minutes vs. 219.11±75.63 minutes for the pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy vs. pyeloplasty, respectively (p=0.88). Conclusions Laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy is a safe and effective intervention with associated good cosmetic results and high stone-free rates without significant increase in operative time or complications.

Balloon dilation for failed pyeloplasty in children?

ABSTRACT Objective: Pyeloplasty is considered the gold standard treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). However, the failure rate of pyeloplasty is as high as 10% and repeat pyeloplasty is more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of balloon dilatation for failed pyeloplasty in children. Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, 15 patients, aged 6 months to 14 years, were treated with balloon dilation for restenosis of UPJO after a failed pyeloplasty. Ultrasound and intravenous urography were used to evaluate the primary outcome. Success was defined as the relief of symptoms and improvement of hydronephrosis, which was identified by ultrasound at the last follow-up. Results: All patients successfully completed the operation, 13 patients by retrograde approach and 2 patients by antegrade approach. Thirteen patients were followed for a median of 15 (4 to 57) months and 2 patients were lost to follow-up. Resolution of the hydronephrosis was observed in 5 cases. The anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the pelvis decreased by an average of 12.4 ± 14.4mm. Eight patients needed another surgery. The average postoperative hospital stay was 1.78 ± 1.4 days. Two patients experienced fever after balloon dilation. No other complications were found. Conclusions: Balloon dilatation surgery is safe for children, but it is not recommended for failed pyeloplasty in that group of patients, owing to the low success rate.

Hidronefrosis como causa de poliglobulia secundaria / Hydronephrosis as a cause of secondary polyglobulia

La policitemia primaria es producida por una mutación adquirida o heredada en las células progenitoras de los glóbulos rojos, mientras que la poliglobulia secundaria está relacionada con un aumento de la eritropoyetina sérica como respuesta a la hipoxia tisular o a la producción autónoma tumoral. Hace más de medio siglo que se conoce que la hidronefrosis puede actuar como una rara causa de eritrocitosis debido al aumento de producción de eritropoyetina por un riñón que censa una disminución de oxígeno, mecanismo también observado en la estenosis de la arteria renal y en los quistes renales. Se describe a continuación el caso de un paciente de 38 años con poliglobulia atendido en el Hospital Italiano de San Justo (Argentina), que presenta como hallazgo una hidronefrosis unilateral severa y cuya resolución quirúrgica a través de una nefrectomía revierte el cuadro hematológico de base. (AU)

Primary polycythemia is produced by an acquired or inherited mutation in progenitor cells of red blood cells, while secondary polyglobulia is related to an increase in serum erythropoietin in response to tissue hypoxia or autonomous tumor production. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the hydronephrosis is known to be a rare etiology of secondary polycythemia, with increased erythropoietin production caused by diminished oxygen sensing by the kidney, also seen in renal artery stenosis and kidney cysts. We describe a case of a 38 year old patient with polycythemia studied in the "Hospital Italiano de San Justo" (Argentina) that presented an incidental severe unilateral hydronephrosis, and nephrectomy was carried out as a final resolution of the hematological disorder. (AU)

Forming a stone in pelviureteric junction obstruction: cause or effect?

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate a possible causal relationship for stone formation in pelviureteric junction obstruction and to outline management options. Materials and Methods A literature search and evidence synthesis was conducted via electronic databases in the English language using the key words pelviureteric junction obstruction; urolithiasis; hyperoxaluria; laparoscopic pyeloplasty; flexible nephroscopy; percutaneous nephrolithotomy, alone or in combination. Relevant articles were analysed to extract conclusions. Results Concomitant pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) and renal lithiasis has been reported only scarcely in the literature. Although PUJO has been extensively studied throughout the years, the presence of calculi in such a patient has not received equal attention and there is still doubt surrounding the pathophysiology and global management. Conclusions Metabolic risk factors appear to play an important role, enough to justify metabolic evaluation in these patients. Urinary stasis and infection are well known factors predisposing to lithiasis and contribute to some extent. The choice for treatment is not always straightforward. Management should be tailored according to degree of obstruction, renal function, patient symptoms and stone size. Simultaneous treatment is feasible with the aid of minimally invasive operative techniques and laparoscopy in particular.

Anesthetic management of nephrectomy in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax / Controle anestésico de nefrectomia em paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e pneumotórax espontâneo recorrente

Abstract Nephrectomies are usually performed under general anesthesia alone or in combination with regional anesthesia and rarely under regional anesthesia alone. We report the management of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax undergoing nephrectomy under regional anesthesia alone.

Resumo Geralmente, as nefrectomias são feitas sob anestesia geral, isoladamente ou em combinação com anestesia regional, e raramente sob anestesia regional sozinha. Relatamos o tratamento de um paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e história de pneumotórax espontâneo recorrente submetido à nefrectomia sob anestesia regional isolada.

Ureterocalycostomy - final resort in the management of secondary pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: our experience

ABSTRACT: Ureterocalycostomy can be performed in patients in whom desired methods of treating secondary PUJ (Pelvi-Ureteric Junction) obstructions either failed or could not be used. In our study, one child and two adults in whom one redo-ureterocalycostomy and two ureterocalycostomies were performed for severely scarred PUJ. The causes for secondary PUJ obstruction were post-pyelolithotomy in one case, post-pyeloplasty and ureterocalycostomy for PUJ obstruction in the second patient and the third patient had long upper ureteric stricture post-ureteropyeloplasty due to tuberculosis. In all these cases ureterocalycostomy proved to be salvage/final resort for preserving functional renal unit

High-pressure balloon assessment of pelviureteric junction prior to laparoscopic "vascular hitch"

ABSTRACT Aim To assess if calibration of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) using a high-pressure balloon inflated at the UPJ level in patients with suspected crossing vessels (CV) could differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic stenosis prior to laparoscopic vascular hitch (VH). Materials and Methods We reviewed patients with UPJO diagnosed at childhood or adolescence without previous evidence of antenatal or infant hydronephrosis (10 patients). By cystoscopy, a high-pressure balloon is sited at the UPJ and the balloon inflated to 8-12 atm under radiological screening. We considered intrinsic PUJO to be present where a ‘waist’ was observed at the PUJ on inflation of the balloon and a laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is performed When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. Patients with absence of intrinsic PUJ stenosis documented with this method are included for the study. Results Six patients presented pure extrinsic stenosis. The mean age at presentation was 10.8 years. Mean duration of surgery was 99 min and mean hospital stay was 24 hours in all cases. We found no intraoperative or postoperative complications. All children remain symptoms free at a mean follow up of 14 months. Ultrasound and renogram improved in all cases. Conclusion When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. In these patients, laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels (‘vascular hitch’) may be a safe and reliable surgical technique.

Management of full-length complete ureteral avulsion

ABSTRACT Introduction Complete ureteral avulsion is one of the most serious complications of ureteroscopy. The aim of this report was to look for a good solution to full-length complete ureteral avulsion. Case presentation A 40-year-old man underwent ureteroscopic management. Full-length complete avulsion of ureter occurred during ureteroscopy. Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis were performed 6 hours after ureteral avulsion. The patient was followed-up during 34 months. Double-J tube was removed at 3 months after operation. Twenty three months after the first operation, the patient developed hydronephrosis because of a new ureter upside stone, then rigid ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy were used successfully. Conclusion Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis may be a good choice for full-length complete ureteral avulsion.

Pieloplastía en menores de 10 kg; ¿abierta o laparoscópica? ¿Que camino escoger? / Pyeloplasty in children under 10 kg;? Open or laparoscopic? What path to choose?

Introducción: La obstrucción pieloureteral (OPU) es la uropatía obstructiva alta más frecuente, y se trata tradicionalemnte mediante pieloplastía abierta. Nuestro propósito es comparar la tasa de éxito y complicaciones de pieloplastía laparoscópica vs pieloplastía abierta en lactantes menores de 10 kg de peso. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo comparativo de dos grupos de pacientes <10 kilos: laparoscópico (grupo 1) y abierto (grupo 2), operados entre 2005 y 2011. Se analizaron datos demográficos, resolución de la hidronefrosis (diámetro antero-posterior de la pelvis o DAP), complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía, ecografía y MAG3 pre y post quirúrgico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes. Ambos grupos comparables estadísticamente entre sí. El grupo 1 incluyó 9 pacientes, edad promedio 7 meses (r 1-11), lateralidad 3 derechos, DAP pre-cirugía 32 mm (r 17-45) y post-cirugía 13,7 mm (r 7-24), MAG3 pre y post-cirugía 38 por ciento y 39 por ciento respectivamente, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 153 min (r 90-210), sin complicaciones asociadas. El grupo 2 incluyó 25 pacientes, edad promedio de 3,7 meses (r 1-12), lateralidad 16 izquierdos, peso promedio 7 kg (r 3,8-10), DAP pre-cirugía 35,5 mm (r 10-73) y post-cirugía 13,9mm (r 3-31), MAG 3 pre-cirugía 37 por ciento y post cirugía 38 por ciento, tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 95 minutos (r 60-170), 1 paciente presentó urinoma post-cirugía, y se presentaron 3 reoperaciones...

Introduction: ureteropelvic junction obstruction (OPU) is the most common upper urinary tract obstructive uropathy, and is usually treated by open pyeloplasty. Our purpose is to analyze whether laparoscopic pyeloplasty has a similar success and complication rate as the open approach in patients of less than 10 kg.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved two groups of patients of less than 10 kilos: Open (group 1) and laparoscopic (group 2), operated between 2005 and 2011. We analyzed demographic data, resolution of hydronephrosis (anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis or DAP), complications of surgery, ultrasound and MAG3 pre and post surgery. Results: 34 patients were included. Both groups statistically comparable to each other. In group 1 there were 25 patients, average age of 3.7 months (r 1-12), 16 units were left, average weight 7 kg (r 3,8-10), anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter (DAP) pre-surgery 35,5 mm (r 10-73) and 13,9 mm after surgery (r 3-31), MAG 3 was 37 percent pre-surgery and 38 percent post-surgery, the average operative time was 95 minutes (r 60-170) , one patient had urinoma after surgery, and 3 required reoperation. In group 2, there were 9 patients, average age 7 months (r 1-11), 3 units were right, DAP was 32 mm pre-surgery (r 17-45) and 13.7 mm after surgery (r 7-24), MAG3 38 percent pre and 39 percent operative time was 153 min (r 90-210) without complications...

Caracterização e avaliação quantitativa da variabilidade do diâmetro ântero posterior (DAP) da pelve renal / Characterization and quantitative evaluation of renal anteroposterior pelvis diameter (APD) variability

Objetivo: Avaliar a variabilidade em medidas do diâmetro ântero posterior da pelve renal (DAP) em 244 crianças com diagnóstico de hidronefrose isolada atendidos na Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, entre 1999 e 2008. Métodos: Os pacientes foram submetidos a acompanhamento clínico e a exames ultrassonográficos periódicos. As informações registradas ao longo do tempo nos prontuários foram transformadas em "séries de medidas", resultando em vinte e duas series de medidas para cada paciente (duas clínicas e dez ultrassonográficas para cada rim). A variabilidade dessas séries foi caracterizada em um índice que foi, na sequencia, avaliado para todas as series de medida. Os dados de variabilidade foram agrupados, conforme a variável medida e conforme a ocorrência ou não de evento cirúrgico. As médias dos grupos foram comparadas em análise estatística. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a variabilidade é muito pequena nas medidas clínicas (estatura e peso), relativamente pequena no comprimento e no volume renal e mais acentuada nas séries de DAP. Verificou-se que, nas series de medidas de comprimento e volume renal, há maior variabilidade em unidades submetidas a cirurgia. Nas medidas de DAP a variabilidade foi grande, independentemente de uropatia e/ou evento cirúrgico. Conclusão: Os resultados corroboram estudos de outros autores que mostram a ocorrência de variabilidade nas medidas do DAP, e colocam em evidência a necessidade de se levar em conta esta variabilidade nas situações em que o DAP serve de apoio a diagnóstico e na indicação de procedimento cirúrgico.(AU)

To evaluate the variability in measures of anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis (APD) in 244 children diagnosed with isolated hydronephrosis and treated at the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of Hospital das Clinicas ­ Federal University of Minas Gerais, between 1999 and 2008. Methods: All patients were subjected to clinical follow-up ultrasound exams and periodicals. The information collected over time in the medical records were turned into "series of measures", resulting in twenty-two series of measurements for each patient (two clinic and ten ultrasound related for each kidney). The variability of these series was synthesized on an index that was, in sequence, evaluated for all series of measures. The variability data was grouped according to the measured variable and to the occurrence of surgical events. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the means og the groups. Results: The results showed that the variability is very small in clinical measures (height and weight), relatively small in length and renal volume and more pronounced in the series of APD. It was found that, in the series of measurements of length and volume kidney, there is greater variability in units subjected to surgery. In APD measures the variability was large, regardless of uropathy and / or surgical event. Conclusion: The results corroborate findings of other authors that show the occurrence of variability in measures of APD, and make evident the need to take into account this variability in situations where the APD is used to support diagnosis and indication for surgery.

Percutaneous nephrostomy for the relief of upper urinary tract obstruction: an experience with 200 cases

To assess the role of Percutaneous Nephrostomy in upper obstructive uropathy. This was a descriptive study, conducted at Department of Urology, Lady Reading Hospital and Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2006 to December 2008 on 200 patients of upper obstructive uropathy undergoing Percutaneous Nephrostomy. Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography were used as guiding tools for accurate puncture of the renal tract. The patients were kept in the ward and their renal function tests were checked daily. All the data was collected on a structured proforma and analysis was done on SPSSv 10. A total of 200 Percutaneous Nephrostomy were attempted in 200 patients. The mean age of the sample was 41.6 +/- 12.68 years. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The causes included Stone disease in 104 [52%], Pyonephrosis in 52 [26%], Malignancy in 20 [10%], Renal tract tuberculosis in 12 [6%], Obstetrical trauma in 8 [4%] and Ureteric Injury due to Fire Arm in 4 [2%] patients. It was successful in 192 patients, while there was a failure in 8 cases [4%]. Considerable relief in terms of symptoms and renal biochemistry was observed with in a week. The mean blood urea level of 265 mg/dl before PCN dropped to 37 mg/dl and mean serum creatinine of 10.5 mg/dl dropped to 1.2 mg/dl respectively in all patients except 12 who were declared to have End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD]. Percutaneous Nephrostomy improves the patient's condition both in terms of urinary output and renal parameters

Utilización de la nefrostomía percutánea en la práctica urológica / Percutaneous nephrostomy in clinical practice

Objetivo: Presentar una serie de nefrostomías percutáneas realizadas únicamente por urólogos de un mismo servicio. Se describen las indicaciones y se detallan las complicaciones y los resultados obtenidos. Material y métodos: La serie esta constituida por 53 pacientes, 29 hombres y 24 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 64,2 años (rango 10 a 83 años). Se excluyen de este análisis las nefrostomías efectuadas para una nefrolitectomía percutánea. Resultados: La indicación primaria de la nefrostomía percutánea fue: obstrucción ureteral en 36 casos, pionefrosis en 13 e hidronefrosis secundaria a litiasis en 4 casos. La patología de base fue una obstrucción ureteral maligna en 31 pacientes, litiasis obstructiva en 13 casos, estenosis ureteral en derivación urinaria en 8 casos y 1 caso de estenosis pieloureteral. El procedimiento de nefrostomía fue unilateral en 26 casos (derecho en 27 e izquierdo en 17) y bilateral en 9 casos, para un total de 62 nefrostomías en 53 pacientes. La única complicación observada fue una obstrucción de la nefrostomía en un caso de derivación por obstrucción maligna, la cual requirió cambio sin inconvenientes. Conclusiones: La nefrostomía percutánea es un procedimiento de amplia difusión, de resultados satisfactorios, con baja morbilidad y con capacidad de poder ser realizada en forma ambulatoria. Recalcamos la importancia de que la colocación de la misma sea efectuada por el urólogo.

Objective: To report a series of percutaneous nephrostomies solely performed by urologist of a single institution. Indications, complications and results are presented. Material and methods: A total of 53 patiens, 29 male and 24 female with a mean age of 64.2 years (range 10 to 83 years) underwent percutaneous nephrostomy placement at our institution. Nephrostomies associated with lithotomy are excluded. Results: Primary indication for nephrostomy tube placement was: ureteral obstruction 36 cases, pyonephrosis 13 cases, hydronephrosis secondary to stone 4 cases. Malign ureteral obstruction was seen in 31 patients, obstructive calculi in 13 patients and ureteral malign stenosis in 8 patients. One patient presented with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. A total of 62 nephrostomies were placed, unilateral nephrostomy was performed in 26 cases and bilateral in 9 cases (27 right and 17 left). One patient with a ureteral obstruction secondary to malign pathology required nephrostomy tube replacement. Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrostomy is wide spread procedure with satisfactory results, low morbidity and it can be performed in an ambulatory basis. We emphasize the importance of the urologist being carried out by the urologist.

Concurrent management of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children using robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction occurs infrequently. When surgical management is deemed necessary, staged pyeloplasties traditionally have been recommended to minimize the morbidity associated with performing procedures concurrently. With the advent of robotic-assistance, concurrent surgical management can more readily be performed laparoscopically. In this report, we evaluated the safety and outcome of managing patients with bilateral UPJ obstruction with concurrent robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of five patients with bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent concurrent bilateral robotic-assisted pyeloplasties at our institution between October 2003 and April 2007. Technical consideration for patient positioning, robotic set-up, port placement, and the use of a hitch stitches was assessed. The operative time, complications, analgesic needs, length of hospitalization, and overall success of the procedure were evaluated. RESULTS: Operative time ranged from 235 to 541 minutes (mean = 384). Estimated blood loss was 5-100 cc (mean = 48.0). Length of hospitalization ranged from 1.3 to 3.6 days (mean = 2.4). Ureteral stents were removed 3-8 weeks postoperatively. There were no complications. All kidneys demonstrated decreased hydronephrosis on postoperative ultrasound or improved drainage parameters on diuretic renography or IVP. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasties utilizing 4-port access is feasible and safe. It provides an effective method of managing patients with bilateral UPJ obstruction, avoiding the burden and morbidity of performing staged surgeries.

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in 47 cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of a sequence of 47 laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasties for the treatment of patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, independently of the etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male and 27 female patients diagnosed with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were treated by Anderson-Hynes transperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty from April 2002 to January 2006. The age of the patients ranged from four to 75 years, with a mean age of 32.3 years. The follow-up ranged between six and 30 months, with a mean follow-up time of 24 months. The outcomes were evaluated through the assessment of symptoms and imaging studies. RESULTS: In 44 (93.6 percent) of the 47 patients, resolution of the pain and a reduction in ureteropelvic dilation were observed. The mean operative time was 157 minutes (ranging from 90 to 270 minutes). Neither blood transfusion nor conversion to open surgery was required. The mean hospital stay was 2.2 days. The presence of crossing vessels over the ureteropelvic junction was verified in 26 patients (55 percent), and vessel transposition in relation to the urinary tract was performed in 25 of these cases. In one patient, the crossing vessel was mobilized out of the ureteropelvic junction with a perivascular suture to the renal capsule associated with the pyeloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of transperitoneal Anderson-Hynes laparoscopic pyeloplasty used for different causes of pyeloureteral obstruction presented a success rate similar to a previously-published open procedure, with the advantage of being less invasive. This procedure may be considered the first option for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Extravesical ureteral reimplantation in stricture lower end ureter

Ureteral stricture is a problem that always has confronted the surgeons. Traditionally, stricture occurs most often in the ureter injured at operation and repair of the stricture has been accomplished by open surgical management. The aim of the work was to evaluate the extravesical ureteral reimplantation in stricture lower end ureter. The study was carried out on 11 patients [8 males and 3 females] with stricture lower end ureter, selected from Al-Azhar University Hospital [New Damietta] between April 2005 to April 2007. All cases were submitted to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations [urine analysis, blood urea and serum creatinine]. Imaging studies in the form of abdominopelvic ultrasound and excretory urography both pre and postoperatively. In addition to ascending cystography postoperatively at 3, 9 and 18 months. Post operative follow up by Ultrasound revealed improvement in 8 patients out of 10 with pervious moderate hydronephrosis while 2 patients show stabilization. In one patient with severe hydronephrosis shows stabilization without further deterioration. Using excretory urography followup, 6 patients of grade II hydronephrosis and 4 patients of grade III hydronephrosis showed improvement while in one patient with grade IV hydronephrosis remained stabilized. Hospital stay ranged from 5 to 6 days. The results of the present study demonstrated that extravesical ureteral reimplantation is a reliable procedure with a low complication rate, and we have found that this approach is applicable to many different situations but is especially advantageous for ureteral tailoring and the vesical psoas hitch since retrovesical exposure is excellent

Giant hydronephrosis in children: diagnosis and therapeutic aspects

To evaluate the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic problems of giant hydronephrosis in children managed at the Department of Urology of the University Hospital of Dakar, Senegal. In this retrospective -study all cases of giant hydronephrosis in children managed at the Department of Urology of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, between February 2000 and February 2007 were reviewed. The parameters studied were the epidemiological and clinical aspects, laboratory and imaging investigations and therapy, as well as the short, medium and long-term outcome. Our series included 7 patients with a mean age of 6.1 years [range 8 months - 12 years]. In 5 out of 7 cases, giant hydronephrosis was found on the left side. Ultrasonography was performed in all cases, and the giant hydronephrosis was first misdiagnosed as cystic renal disease in 6 cases. Intravenous urography revealed a non-functioning kidney in 4 cases. CT scan, performed in 6 cases, confirmed the diagnosis and provided further information about the remaining parenchyma. Nephrostomy was performed pre-operatively in 4 cases. Three patients underwent pyeloplasty, while nephrectomy was performed in 4 cases. At follow-up, a pelvi-ureteric stenosis associated with a colonic fistula was noted in one patient. Long-term follow up was uneventful in all patients. CT scan is the method of choice for the diagnosis of hydronephrosis. Nephrostomy allows an evaluation of the renal function and facilitates the extraperitoneal approach to the kidney